7.5 Affixes
7.5 Affixe
- Since the addition of prefixes does not change word stress, our presenta-
tion will be on the varying effects of suffixes on word stress.
       (a)  stress-bearing (attracting) suffixes
       (b)  stress-shifting (fixing) suffixes
       (c)  stress-neutral suffixes
7.5.1 Stress-bearing (attracting) suffixes
       Stress-bearing suffixes attract the stress to themselves.
                                                                                  These stress-bearing
                                                                                  suffixes always 
                                                                                  constitute heavy
                                                                                  syllables.
                                
                                                                                  cf) monomorphemes:
                                                                                       brigade,
                                                                                       jamboree,
                                                                                       grotesque,
                                                                                       brunette
 
     
7.5.2 Stress-neutral suffixes
- Eight inflectional suffixes and some derivational suffixes never make
any
         difference to the stress pattern of the resulting word.
         < eight inflectional suffixes: plural, possessive, third person singular 
present
tense –s; progressive –ing; past –ed; past participle –en/-ed; compara-
tive
–er; superlative –est>
7.5.2 Stress-neutral suffixes
- Eight inflectional suffixes and some derivational suffixes never make
any
         difference to the stress pattern of the resulting word.
         < eight inflectional suffixes: plural, possessive, third person singular 
present
tense –s; progressive –ing; past –ed; past participle –en/-ed; compara
tive
–er; superlative –est>
 
     - Adjective-forming suffix –y should not be treated in the same way as
the
      noun-forming –y, which shifts the stress to the antepenultimate:
           adjective-forming -y :     sílk-sílky
           noun-forming –y :  hómophòne-homóphony,  phótogràph-photógraphy
7.5.3 Stress-shifting (fixing) suffixes
 
   - A multiplicity of derivational suffixes, 
      when added to a root, shift the stress
      from its original position to the
      syllable immediately preceding the 
      suffix. 
 
       (1)  If the original stress is on the last syllable of the root (the syllable immediately
       before the suffix), no change in location of the stress will result, because it is
       already where it should be:
          e.g.)  divérse – divérsify
                 absúrd – absúrdity
                 obése – obésity
  (2)  A group of suffixes put the stress on the syllable immediately before them if
       that syllable is heavy(i.e. has branching rhyme):
          e.g.)  refúsal, recítal, accidéntal  
        However, if the syllable in question is not heavy, then the stress moves one
        more syllable to the left: séasonal,  práctical      
  (3)  The same is observable in the suffix –ency:
        emérgency,  consístency   (présidency,  cómpetency) 
  (4)  Some other endings that seem to vacillate between the different suffix types:
           -able         quéstion – quéstionable
                           adóre – adórable
                           mánage - mánageable
 
       
     -  In several disyllabic stems with final stress, it shifts the stress one sylla-
ble
        left (to stem-initial), as in admíre – ádmirable,  
                                          compáre – cómparable,  
                                          prefér – préferable
     -  The more recent tendency to stress-neutral behavior as in compárable,
         admírable, and preférable .
- -able may also shift the stress one syllable to the right as in démon-
strate -
          demónstrable
 
  
     -  In several disyllabic stems with final stress, it shifts the stress one sylla
ble
        left (to stem-initial), as in admíre – ádmirable,  
                                          compáre – cómparable,  
                                          prefér – préferable
     -  The more recent tendency to stress-neutral behavior as in compárable
         admírable, and preférable .
- -able may also shift the stress one syllable to the right as in démon-
strate -
          demónstrable